Commercial and Generic Name: Melanotano 2 (MT-2). There are no commercial brands exist for the synthetic peptide melatonin, it is used in laboratories with the generic name.
Group of Drug: Non-specific Melanocortin Receptor Agonist (synthetic cyclic analog of peptide that stimulate Melaocyte production)
Chemical Description: Melanotano 2 is a cyclic heptapeptide with a weight of 1024.18 Da and CAS number of 121062-08-6. Its chemical structure is Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2. Due to lactam modifications and substitution of D-amino acids this peptide obtain structural resistance to enzymatic activity, which even surpasses stability of natural α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH).
Mechanism of Action
1.1 Activation of Receptors
The mechanism of action of Melanotan 2 involves binding to certain G-proteins (melanocortin) receptors such as MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, MC5R. The MC2R does not seem to be activated in sufficient amounts. The cyclic structure of the compound ensures its high and long-lasting binding with the receptor triggering cAMP signals and physiological effects.
1.2 Metabolic and Physiological effects
The physiological action of the activation of the receptor MC1R begins with the conversion of pheomelanin (light pigment) into eumelanin (dark pigment), that provides skin tanning without UV rays’ exposure. Activation of MC4R in the hypothalamus regulates energy metabolism and appetite in a way that it produces slight appetite suppressant effect.At the same time, modulating MC3R and MC5R takes part in both immune regulation and metabolic balance in peripheral tissue. Melanotano 2 is not associated with the regulation of glucose unlike other peptides, but acts on pigmentation and energy metabolism.
- Indications & Usage (Research Based)
All the usages of Melanotan 2 are limited to preclinical studies without any clinical approval for human use.
Compliance & Research Disclaimer
Melanotano 2 Peptide is for research use only and academic experimental purposes. It is not registered as a pharmaceutical drug, dietary supplement or an over-the-counter medicine and has no clinical use approval from the FDA, EMA or other regional medical regulatory body. The product cannot be used for human clinical diagnosis, treatment of disease, oral or intravenous administration as well as commercial off-label usage. All of the product details and research data is academic in nature and not intended as medical advice or to be construed as therapeutic claims. Local laws, institutional laboratory-management requirements, and ethical-research standards must be followed by all purchasers and researchers. We shall not be liable for any unauthorized illegal use, improper operation or non-research application of the product.
Skin Pigmentation Studies: The main area of research where the peptide helps to investigate the reasons for tanning, which occur independently of UV exposure, and stop the skin damage, caused by sun light.
Metabolic Regulation Studies: Studies on obesity and energy metabolism disorders conducted with the use of Melanotan 2 focus on the effects this peptide has on appetite suppression and fat metabolism regulation.
Neuroendocrine Function Studies: Melanotano 2 can be utilized to conduct studies on the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary system activity as well as on some functions occurring with the help of melanocortin receptors. No scientific research involving the peptide has been conducted for treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and problems, such as chronic weight management and obstructive sleep apnea.
- Dosage & Administration (Research Laboratory Standards)
3.1 Route & Frequency
For the laboratory tests, subcutaneous injection is the most commonly used way of administration. The use of intranasal sprays is discouraged because of the inappropriate absorption and questionable test data. The frequency of administration is determined by the standards of the study and can vary, but usually occurs daily for perpetual influences or in different time intervals for short-term results assessment.
3.2 Titration Schedule
In the research conducted on animals, 100-200 mcg of Melanotan 2 is administered per day, and the dosage is adjusted depending on the species and aim of the study. The effective dosage is approximately 250-500 mcg, while the maximum dosage for one experiment is 800 mcg, since the extremity of the usage can lead to receptor activation and problems with physiology.
3.3 Missed Dose Management
In the standardized laboratory studies, there is no possibility to compensate for missed doses, which should be recorded and accounted for in the analysis of findings.
4 Dosage forms
The only form of Melanotan 2 available for laboratory studies is lyophilized powder for injection and requires dilution with sterile bacteriostatic water before using.
5 FDA regulatory status
10 Common FAQs About Peptides
- What is a peptide?
Answer: A peptide is a short chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. It is smaller and more easily absorbed by the human body than proteins, serving as a fundamental functional substance in biological organisms.
- What is the difference between peptides and proteins?
Answer: The core difference lies in molecular length and structure. Peptides are short amino acid chains (usually consisting of 2–50 amino acids), while proteins are long, complex amino acid chains with stable three-dimensional structures. Peptides have stronger permeability and faster absorption efficiency than proteins.
- What are the main types of peptides?
Answer: Peptides are mainly classified by the number of amino acids: dipeptides, tripeptides, oligopeptides (2–10 amino acids) and polypeptides (10–50 amino acids). They can also be divided into natural peptides and synthetic peptides according to their sources.
- What are the biological functions of peptides?
Answer: Peptides have diverse biological activities, including regulating human metabolism, improving immune function, promoting cell repair, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, and adjusting hormone levels. They act as key signaling molecules and regulatory factors in the body.
- Are peptides safe for human use?
Answer: Most natural and medically approved synthetic peptides are highly safe. They have small molecular weight, low toxicity, and will not accumulate in the body. However, unstandardized high-dose peptide products or impure synthetic peptides may cause mild discomfort.
- What are the common applications of peptides?
Answer: Peptides are widely used in multiple fields. In biomedicine, they are made into therapeutic drugs for endocrine and immune diseases; in cosmetics, they are used for anti-aging and skin repair; in health products, they serve as nutritional supplements to improve physical fitness.
- Can the human body absorb exogenous peptides directly?
Answer: Yes. Unlike proteins that need to be decomposed before absorption, small-molecule peptides can be directly absorbed by the intestinal tract and skin with high absorption rate and utilization efficiency, and can quickly exert biological effects in the body.
- What are synthetic peptides used for?
Answer: Synthetic peptides are artificially customized amino acid chains. They are mainly used for scientific research, clinical drug development, targeted skin care ingredient production, and precise nutritional supplementation, with higher purity and targeted activity than some natural peptides.
- Do peptide products have side effects?
Answer: Standard peptide products have almost no obvious side effects for most people. Individual groups may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort or skin sensitivity due to physical differences or excessive intake. Long-term excessive use may disrupt the body’s metabolic balance.
- What is the difference between collagen peptides and ordinary peptides?
Answer: Collagen peptides are a specific type of functional peptide extracted and decomposed from collagen, mainly targeting skin moisturizing, anti-wrinkle and joint care. Ordinary peptides cover a broader range with more diverse regulatory functions including immunity and metabolism, while collagen peptides have more focused skincare and anti-aging effects.
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